winter 2015 ... a class on sabotage! (they did not inhale) 'no actual sabotage going on' outlawing resistance practices in that class outlying
resistance king ludd ftw The leader of luddites
% GRAFT: luddite, craft, breaking Machine-breaking in the uk : sabotage because their craft was challenged during/by the industrial revolution artisans of sabotage, against a certain form of technology (looms), but not all[^]{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luddite}
Silvia Frederici : exploitation of the non wage labor (such as women) (neglected by workers movement) making invisible work visible
case study : anti-colonial hacking activists and freedom fighters created an encrypted communication system in the 1980s to communicate from UK and Zambia with the ANC in Soouth Africa % GRAFT: cryptography, military 1980's: Cryptography classified as a military tool (in S-A only? or everywhere?) in the USA strong (e.g. GPG) cryptography is.
Potentially automate Apartheid
"Opening the path"
MK : independent military wing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umkhonto_we_Sizwe % GRAFT: pipe, pathways communication system as part of operation Vula ( "Opening the path" in zulu) that aimed to put an end to apartheid the ANC communication committee seems promising : the network which evolved over time, was using heterogeneous technology. [^]{http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=4693}
ANC revised non-violence: Ban on ANC + Sharpeville massacre 1960https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpeville_massacre forced to carry ID that classify them as 2nd class citizens 69 people killed 1st time international news focused attention on South Africa % GRAFT: non-violence, sabotage Not using the masters tools to bring down the masters house but tactics of sabotage were chosen then by the MK operatives (targetting infrastructure, not people) as result of this Mandela was arrested
% GRAFT: tools, allowable, parameters "What does it mean when the tools of a racist patriarchy are used to examine the fruits of that same patriarchy? It means that only the most narrow parameters of change are possible and allowable." [^]{Audre Lorde, The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House}
people fled, some to Zambia, others in the UK, Canada or the USA
Tim Jenkin, underground ANC operative, white South Africahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Jenkin 'Escape from Pretoria' - testimony difficult to break free from privileges of white South Africans accused for leaflet bombing, in jail for 12y
% GRAFT: tree escaping from prison - lockpicking genius, lateral thinking... making keys with wood "we had more keys than they had"
white people got involved in ANC after 1960
Tim Jenkin, Ronnie Press worked from London in the technical committee
usage of courier, with cryptography use of radio "Free radio", one way process to broadcast ANC propaganda write text in code
create a communication network with an assemblage of technology - international dimension, from South Africa to London to Zambia beeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeep typing on a computer, then recording on a tape. (acoustic modem coupler) the humming sound would be sent by phone to Tim Jenken. it would be recorded on an answering machine, and then decode the messages. they were sent to Zambia
system was embedded in large social movement, part of history that we do not hear about negociations with Mandela -> hidden negociations with all leaders from ANC
electricity cuts were problem ex cut for 1y Tim jenkin travelled to Zambia, connected system to battery of a car - he is a hacker geek pride
the system was used for 3 years, first experimentation in 1984 and in full use in 1988 until 1991. Regime bustered 'safe house', found decoded messages, discs etc - people arrested
in 1991, the situation changed also, Mandela would soon be released activists released as part of amnesty
-> many invisible stories of resistance that need to be told, inspiring
ANC did crowd funding in other countries (UK, US, Russia), clear aim: bring down the AA regime
% GRAFT: committee, howto, visibility, TODO The Technical Comittee (How did this work? How did they function? How was Jenkins part of a larger community of people and tech?) How to hide How to be unnoticed
Tim Jenkins: learning by reading books on cryptography and programming literacy training more generally by ANC % GRAFT: diagram, other, complexity the graph, the need to make visible emerged in a movement .. how to include the layers in the story colonialist narrative, but simplified through the hacking story. How to bring layers in there?
mapping dysfunctionality, precarity. scale ... everything is the same size! people are smaller than devices, lucia and connie are the same, africa and london are the same playing with clarity layers, time, growing complexity introducing photography, as a way to introduce other types of imagery, granularity
"device heavy"
looking at 19th century maps of telegraph communication, re-using / re-appropriating them
